Comparative study of tissue reactivity to n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and nylon monofilament thread on pericranium-cutaneous flaps in rats.

PURPOSE: To study the repair of pericranium-cutaneous flaps fixed with suture anchored in a skull bone tunnel or N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive in Wistar rats with emphasis on the cellular inflammatory response and the production of types I and III collagen. METHODS: The operated region in the cephalic region of Wistar rats was removed minutes before euthanasia, fixed in formalin, and subjected to histological preparation. Slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Picrosirius. Standardized counts of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages were performed, and the percentages of types I and III collagen were determined. Data collection occurred on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45 postoperatively. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Quantitative analysis of the data showed more fibroblasts in the surgical adhesive group than in the nylon monofilament thread groups (p=0.0211). Qualitative analysis showed higher reactivity in the adhesive group, with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells from days 3-45 and macrophages from days 3-7. The amount of type I collagen exceeded 80% in the treated and control groups at the end of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Subperiosteal detachment triggers a cellular inflammatory response that is amplified using soft tissue fixation methods. The adhesive n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was more reactive than the nylon monofilament thread anchored in the skull bone tunnel.

Comparative study of tissue reactivity to n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and nylon monofilament thread on pericranium-cutaneous flaps in rats

To study the repair of pericranium-cutaneous flaps fixed with suture anchored in a skull bone tunnel or N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive in Wistar rats with emphasis on the cellular inflammatory response and the production of types I and III collagen. The operated region in the cephalic region of Wistar rats was removed minutes before euthanasia, fixed in formalin, and subjected to histological preparation. Slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Picrosirius. Standardized counts of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages were performed, and the percentages of types I and III collagen were determined. Data collection occurred on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45 postoperatively. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Quantitative analysis of the data showed more fibroblasts in the surgical adhesive group than in the nylon monofilament thread groups (p=0.0211). Qualitative analysis showed higher reactivity in the adhesive group, with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells from days 3-45 and macrophages from days 3-7. The amount of type I collagen exceeded 80% in the treated and control groups at the end of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Subperiosteal detachment triggers a cellular inflammatory response that is amplified using soft tissue fixation methods. The adhesive n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was more reactive than the nylon monofilament thread anchored in the skull bone tunnel.

Experimental model for the study of soft tissue fixation methods on skin-pericranium flaps in rats.

PURPOSE: To develop an experimental model to study and radiologically monitor displacement of skin flaps in the pericranium of rats subjected to traction and surgical fixation using suture anchored in a skull bone tunnel or with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl™) surgical adhesive. METHODS: Radiological markers were placed in the subcutis of Wistar rats undergoing subperiosteal detachment of the pericranium with pulling and fixation of the flap. We performed radiography on postoperative days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis of the data indicated that the flaps in the surgical adhesive group remained in place with no change from the immediate postoperative position. However, the flaps in the suture anchored in the skull bone tunnel group and in the control group showed similar healing, with a loss of attachment of 9.7% and 22%, respectively, compared with the immediate postoperative position. There was no quantitative difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This experimental model created acceptable experimental conditions for testing different soft tissue fixation methods. The use of tissue fixatives contributed to better placement of pericranium-cutaneous flaps, and surgical adhesive was superior to suture anchor in the skull bone tunnel for fixation of pericranium-cutaneous flaps.

Experimental model for the study of soft tissue fixation methods on skin-pericranium flaps in rats

PURPOSE: To develop an experimental model to study and radiologically monitor displacement of skin flaps in the pericranium of rats subjected to traction and surgical fixation using suture anchored in a skull bone tunnel or with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (HistoacrylTM) surgical adhesive. METHODS: Radiological markers were placed in the subcutis of Wistar rats undergoing subperiosteal detachment of the pericranium with pulling and fixation of the flap. We performed radiography on postoperative days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis of the data indicated that the flaps in the surgical adhesive group remained in place with no change from the immediate postoperative position. However, the flaps in the suture anchored in the skull bone tunnel group and in the control group showed similar healing, with a loss of attachment of 9.7% and 22%, respectively, compared with the immediate postoperative position. There was no quantitative difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This experimental model created acceptable experimental conditions for testing different soft tissue fixation methods. The use of tissue fixatives contributed to better placement of pericranium-cutaneous flaps, and surgical adhesive was superior to suture anchor in the skull bone tunnel for fixation of pericranium-cutaneous flaps.

Running circular suture technique for reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy.

BACKGROUND: Many reports have described various technical aspects of reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy procedures. The authors present their technique, which combines a number of techniques already described in the literature regarding repositioning of the nipple-areola complex, reduction of the diameter of the base of the breast, and long-term retention of mammary cone projection. This study evaluated the results for patients of various ages and phenotypes in terms of scar dimensions, breast positioning, and patient satisfaction in the short, medium, and long terms. METHODS: Mammaplasty was performed using the inverted T technique. The preoperative skin markings differed from those described in the literature in that they did not use the future position of the nipple-areola complex as the main reference point. A running circular suture was used to fix the breast to the pectoralis major fascia and to reduce the diameter of the base of the breast, resulting in a reduced horizontal scar in the inframammary fold. The skin-marking technique allowed for better postoperative breast symmetry regardless of preoperative variations in shape and volume. RESULTS: The outcomes were considered satisfactory in the majority of cases by both the patient (p = 0.78) and the physician (p = 0.58). Adequate fullness of the upper pole was maintained in 94.7 % of the breasts. CONCLUSIONS: The described technique results in a reduced diameter of the base of the breast, repair of ptosis, repositioning of the nipple-areola complex, and long-term upper pole fullness. Complications can occur with any technique, but it is important to choose a technique with good quality outcomes overall. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Sugar (sucrose) and fatty acid compounds with triglycerides on the treatment of wounds: experimental study in rats.

BACKGROUND: In the last 10 years, the use of essential fatty acids (EFA) compounds for the treatment of wounds has increased in Brazil, while there has been reducing indication for the use of sugar. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to saline, sugar and EFA on induced wounds in rats. METHODS: A wound of 400 mm(2) was produced on the back of each Wistar rat. The rats were divided into three groups, each being treated with either saline, sugar or EFA. All the animals received a closed dressing on the wounds, changed daily. Measures were taken in four moments, and the values of wound area reduction by healing, cellular inflammatory response, collagen ordering and types I and III collagen density were assessed. RESULTS: The wound healing was equal in all the three groups, but sugar promoted an inflammatory response modulation between the 7th and 14th days. On the 20th post-operative day, there were no differences between the three treated groups concerning types I and III collagen. CONCLUSIONS: The wounds healed in the three groups. The sugar group promoted effective cellular inflammatory response modulation. There were no differences between all the treated groups regarding types I and III collagen at the end of this study.

Açúcar (sacarose) e triglicerídeos de cadeia média com ácidos graxos essenciais no tratamento de feridas cutâneas: estudo experimental em ratos / Sugar (sucrose) and fatty acid compounds with triglycerides on the treatment of wounds: experimental study in rats

FUNDAMENTOS: Na última década, as indicações de uso tópico de compostos com ácidos graxos essenciais (AGE-TG) para o tratamento de feridas aumentaram no Brasil, e houve declínio das indicações do açúcar. OBJETIVOS: Estudar o efeito da aplicação de solução fisiológica de cloreto de sódio a 0,9 por cento, de açúcar e de AGE-TG sobre feridas experimentalmente induzidas em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foi induzida uma ferida de 400 mm2 no dorso de cada rato Wistar, constituindo três grupos tratados separadamente com solução fisiológica de cloreto de sódio a 0,9 por cento, açúcar e AGE-TG. Todos os animais receberam curativo oclusivo sobre a lesão, trocado a cada 24 horas. As aferições realizadas em quatro momentos consistiram na determinação do percentual de redução das áreas das feridas, da reação inflamatória celular, da ordenação do colágeno e da densidade de colágeno dos tipos I e III nas cicatrizes. RESULTADOS: A cicatrização ocorreu igualmente nos grupos estudados, mas o açúcar modulou positivamente a reação inflamatória entre o 7º e 14º dias. No 20º dia, não houve diferenças na quantidade de colágeno dos tipos I e III entre os grupos tratados. CONCLUSÕES: As feridas cicatrizaram nos três grupos. O grupo açúcar apresentou uma modulação positiva da resposta inflamatória celular. Não houve diferenças na quantidade de colágeno dos tipos I e III ao final do experimento nos grupos tratados.

BACKGROUND: In the last 10 years, the use of essential fatty acids (EFA) compounds for the treatment of wounds has increased in Brazil, while there has been reducing indication for the use of sugar. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to saline, sugar and EFA on induced wounds in rats. METHODS: A wound of 400 mm2 was produced on the back of each Wistar rat. The rats were divided into three groups, each being treated with either saline, sugar or EFA. All the animals received a closed dressing on the wounds, changed daily. Measures were taken in four moments, and the values of wound area reduction by healing, cellular inflammatory response, collagen ordering and types I and III collagen density were assessed. RESULTS: The wound healing was equal in all the three groups, but sugar promoted an inflammatory response modulation between the 7th and 14th days. On the 20th post-operative day, there were no differences between the three treated groups concerning types I and III collagen. CONCLUSIONS: The wounds healed in the three groups. The sugar group promoted effective cellular inflammatory response modulation. There were no differences between all the treated groups regarding types I and III collagen at the end of this study.

Estudo comparativo da reação inflamatória de feridas tratadas com açucar com (sacarose) e compostos com ácidos graxos essenciais, em ratos: estudo preliminar / Comparative study about the inflammatory esponse of wounds treated with sugar (sucrose) and fatty acids compounds, in rats: preliminary study

Introdução: o tratamento de feridas tem recebido grande atenção, atualmente, como uso de novos produtos e o abandono de terapias tradicionais. Objetivo: Estudar a reação inflamatória de feridas tratadas com açúcar e solução de ácidos graxos essenciais. Métodos: em estudo aleatório foi criada uma ferida de 400mm 2, no dorso de ratos Wistar, tratadas com deposição diária de solução fisiológica de cloreto de sódio 0,9, no grupoA (n=32), açúcar no grupo B(n=32) e solução de ácidos graxos essenciais, nos animais do grupo C(n=32), com curativo oclusivo. As aferições foram realizadas no 3º, 7º, 14º e 20º dias de pós-operatório e a reação infamatória nas feridas dos animais foi quantificada através de análise histológica. Resultados: não houve diferença significante entre os grupos em estudo. Discussão: os resultados se mostraram equivalentes na modulação da resposta inflamatória dos animais estudados.Conclusões. Não houve diferença significante na reação inflamatória durante a cicatrização de feridas tratadas com açúcar e compostos de ácidos graxos essenciais, em ratos.

Background: the attempt for wounds treatment in our days include new therapies and discharge some traditional ones. Objective: the aim of this study is to evaluate the inflammatory response of wounds treated with sugar and fatty acids compouds. Methods: into this random study a 400 mm 2 scar was performed on the back of Wistar rats and treated with daily occluded dresses. Animals of group A (n=32) received saline solution on the scar, group B received sugar and group C received fatty acids solution. Measures were taken on 3 rd, 7 th, 14th e 20 th post operative days and the inflammatory response wase valuated byhistologicalanalysis. Results:t heresults show edequival entres ponseson inflammatory modulation of the studied animals. Conclusions: there were no differences on inflammatory response of wounds treated with sugar and fatty acids solution, in rats.

Açúcar e ácido acexâmico na cicatrizaçäo de feridas cutâneas em ratos / Sugar and acexamic acid on cutaneous wound healing in rats

A cicatrizaçäo de feridas cutâneas por segunda intençäo é sempre um transtorno para o paciente e para o médico que anseiam por ver o problema resolvido. Várias substâncias têm sido utilizadas na tentativa de abreviar o tempo de cicatrizaçäo. Em trabalho anterior pode-se constatar que o açucar é capaz de acelerar o processo de cicatrizaçäo, em ratos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do açúcar quando comparado ao ácido acexâmico na cicatrizaçäo de feridas cutâneas, especialmente no que diz respeito ao tempo de cicatrizaçäo. Para este fim foram utilizados 20 ratos, machos, Wistar, com idade de 120 dias e peso médio de 240 gramas, nos quais se produziram 2 ferimentos com área de 1,0 cm² em regiäo lombar, um à direita e outro à esquerda. As feridas receberam tratamento diário com ácido acexâmico e as da direita com açúcar. Aferia-se a evoluçäo no 3§, 7§, 10§ e 14§ dias, quando também se media e fotografava. Os resultados obtidos mostraram as feridas tratadas com açúcar com área menor do que as tratadas com ácido acexâmico no 3§ (p = 0,002) e no 7§ dia (p=0,002). Já no 10§ e 14§ dias, apesar de aquelas que receberam açúcar terem área menor, essa reduçäo näo foi significante (p = 0,0628 para o 10§ dia e p = 0,1013 para o 14§ dia). Concluem que o açúcar é capaz de acelerar o processo de cicatrizaçäo em relaçäo ao ácido acexâmico nos primeiros 7 dias e que após esse tempo o processo se iguala